ACL Repair/Reconstruction
An ACL injury is a tear or sprain of the anterior cruciate ligament, one of the main ligaments that stabilises the knee. It’s a common injury, especially in sports involving sudden stops, twisting, or changes in direction, such as football, soccer, skiing, and netball.
Anatomy
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of two major ligaments inside the knee that cross in the centre of the joint. It connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia) and helps control forward and rotational movement of the knee.
ACL Injuries
Symptoms
Typical symptoms of an ACL injury include:
- A sudden “pop” or tearing sensation at the time of injury
- Pain and swelling that develop quickly
- Feeling of instability or the knee “giving way”
- Difficulty continuing activity or walking normally
Diagnosis
Your doctor will assess your knee for swelling, stability, and movement. X-rays are used to rule out fractures, and an MRI scan is often arranged to confirm the diagnosis and check for other injuries such as meniscal tears or bone bruising.
Treatment
Treatment depends on your age, activity level, and degree of instability:
- Non-surgical management may be suitable for partial tears or less active patients and involves physiotherapy, bracing, and strength training to stabilise the knee.
- Surgical reconstruction is recommended for complete tears or active individuals who wish to return to pivoting or high-demand sports. This involves rebuilding the ligament using a tissue graft (from your hamstring, patellar tendon, or donor tissue).
Recovery
Rehabilitation is a key part of recovery.
- After surgery, most people can return to light activities within 3–4 months, and to sports between 9–12 months, depending on progress.
- Physiotherapy focuses on restoring movement, strength, and balance to ensure a safe return to sport and prevent re-injury.
Possible Complications
Although outcomes are generally excellent, possible issues include:
- Knee stiffness or weakness
- Re-tear of the graft
- Persistent instability
- Early wear and tear (arthritis) in the knee joint
When to Seek Help
See your doctor if you experience:
- A “pop” or giving way of the knee
- Ongoing swelling or instability
- Difficulty straightening or bending the knee
